Synthetic fiberglass bars are often sold under trade names such as Kelon (for Ludwig-Musser), Klyperon (for J.C. For the best sound quality, rosewood is the most desirable, while padauk is a popular affordable alternative. Marimba bars may be made either of wood or a synthetic fiberglass material. ![]() In the late 20th century, modernist and contemporary composers found new ways to use marimba: notable examples include Leoš Janáček ( Jenufa), Carl Orff ( Antigonae), Karl Amadeus Hartmann, Hans Werner Henze ( Elegy for Young Lovers), Pierre Boulez ( Le marteau sans maître) and Steve Reich.Ĭonstruction Folk and popular marimba Bars Four-mallet grip was employed to play chords, enhancing interest for the instrument. Clair Omar Musser was a chief proponent of marimba in the United States at the time.įrench composer Darius Milhaud introduced marimbas into Western classical music with his 1947 Concerto for Marimba and Vibraphone. The marimbas were first used for light music and dance, such as vaudeville theater and comedy shows. Metal tubes were used as resonators, fine-tuned by rotating metal discs at the bottom lowest note tubes were U-shaped. Deagan and the Leedy Manufacturing Company adapted the Latin American instruments for use in Western music. In the United States, companies like J.C. The name marimba was later applied to the orchestra instrument inspired by the Latin American model. In 1892, Mexican musician Corazón de Jesús Borras Moreno expanded marimba to include the chromatic scale by adding another row of sound bars, akin to black keys on the piano. In 1850, Mexican marimbist Manuel Bolán Cruz (1810–1863), modified the old bow marimba, by the wooden straight one, lengthening the legs so that the musicians could play in a standing mode, expanded the keyboard and replaced the gourd resonators by wooden boxes. Marimbas have become widely popular around the world since it was being used throughout Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Central America. Modern A marimba player on the streets of New Orleans, Louisiana, during Mardi Gras ![]() In that province, it evokes a sense of pride for the community in which years centuries marimba music has been prohibited after government encroachment upon the Esmeraldas province. It is most popular in the province of Esmeraldas where in the 16th century Alonso de Illescas, a maroon, found a maroon settlement near the area around modern day Esmeraldas. Marimbas are an important aspect of Afro-Ecuadorian culture: many religious ceremonies and songs are accompanied with marimba music along with festivals and dances. In Ecuador the most widespread marimba is the marimba esmeraldeña ( Esmeralda marimba). An example of the Afro-Ecuadorian marimba esmeraldeña Nonetheless, the genre is still popular in the departments of Chocó and Cauca. In recent times marimberos (marimba players) and the marimba genres as a whole have started to fade out in popularity. Marimba music has been listed on UNESCO as an intangible part of Colombian culture. In Colombia the most widespread marimba is the marimba de chonta ( peach-palm marimba). Afro-Colombian youth playing the marimba de chonta The Afro-Latino communities that take part in preserving and playing it value its importance as a touchstone of their resilience. The instruments were brought there via the African diaspora and their cultural significance has survived to the present day. Marimba's second range of popularity in Latin America is in the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador. See also: Music of Colombia § Pacific Region of Colombia, and Music of Ecuador § Afro-Ecuadorian music A watercolor of marimbas by Manuel María Paz from the Province of Barbacoas in Colombia (1853) The term is akin to Kikongo and Swahili marimba or malimba. The term is of Bantu origin, deriving from the prefix ma- meaning 'many' and -rimba meaning 'xylophone'. Its first documented use in the English language dates back to 1704. The term marimba refers to both the traditional version of this instrument and its modern form. Today, the marimba is used as a solo instrument, or in ensembles like orchestras, marching bands (typically as a part of the front ensemble), percussion ensembles, brass and concert bands, and other traditional ensembles.Įtymology and terminology An array of named instruments in the Kongo Kingdom by Girolamo Merolla da Sorrento (1692) Typically, the bars of a marimba are arranged chromatically, like the keys of a piano. It also tends to have a lower range than that of a xylophone. Compared to the xylophone, the timbre of the marimba is warmer, deeper, more resonant, and more pure. Below each bar is a resonator pipe that amplifies particular harmonics of its sound. The marimba ( / m ə ˈ r ɪ m b ə/) is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars that are struck by mallets.
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